If practically everyone around you gets a particular vaccine, (lets say, meningitis) does that, in itself, offer some protection to one unvaccinated?How does vaccine protection work in this particular case?...?
No, especially because then they can become carriers and not have any symptoms.
Vaccines (like the killed-cell variety) work by introducing an inactive disease into your system. Your white blood cells can then recognize what it is, come up with helper T-cells and killer T-cells to combat it, and have a memory of how to deal with it in the future. All the while, your body does not have to deal with the symptoms, fatigue, and vulnerability you have naturally fighting it.
So if your body DOES become infected with what you reveived a vaccine for (like measles), your body is able to quickly kill it before it has a chance to spread and multiply. So, you will still be a carrier and be able to spread it, but not have any symptoms whatsoever.
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